Lighting unit



' Dec. 28 1926.

1,612,300 K. M. MANOOKIN LIGHTING UNIT Filed July 18. 1923 Patented Dec. '28, 1926.

UNITED STATES 1,612,300 PATENT OFFICE.

KERRIGAN MARK MANOOKIN, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR T WAGNER- WOODRUFF COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

LIGHTING UNTT.

Application ma July is, 1923. -Serial No. 652.344.

rays which are reflected from a surface which is not glazed or of mirror effect. It is the practice to employ the ceiling of the room to be lighted as the reflective surface for producing the secondary l'ght rays, and inverted bowls -of frosted or semi-opaque glass are extensively employed. Although these bowls reflect a considerable portion of the light from the incandescent filament, it will be recognized that certain of the light rays pass through the inverted bowl, thus producing a glare effect directly from the bowl itself owing to the fact that those rays which pass through the bowl are unreflected direct rays, and therefore productive of glare.

I have found, by using an opaque or substantially opaque material for the inverted reflecting bowl, that all glare may be eliminated, this being due to the fact that no rays can pass through the opa ue substance and must substantially all t erefore be reflected against the ceiling. The bowl may be of any conveniently worked metal and is provided with a vitreous enamel reflective surface. v

A disadvantage in the use of a bowl of this character is that the under side thereof would be entirely dark, which condition would not be considered desirable in artistic appearance. I therefore provide in my invention ameans whereby a smallportion of the light from the light source is deflected against the under surface of the bowl in a manner to illuminate it and therefore to improve the artistic effect produced.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a lighting unit of this character in which various sizes of electric globes may be used and which may be readily mination, or in other words by use of light focused to give the desired distribution of reflected light on the ceiling.

The especial advantages of the invention and further objects thereof will be made evident hereinafter.

Referring to the drawing which is for illustrative purposes only,

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of a lighting unit embodying the features oi. my invention. i

Fig. 2 is an enlarged partially sectioned viewshowing the interior construction em-. ployed in the device.

Fig. 3 is a section taken substantially on a plane represented by the line 3-3 of Fig.

2. In the drawings, 11 indicates a suitable type of suspending means which is composed of an insulator 12 and a shank 13 having a hook 1 1 at the lower end thereof. Suspended fr'om the hook 14 is a link chain 15 which is connected to a ring 17 formed upon the upper end of a tubular slide member 18. This tubular slide member 18 has a lamp socket 19 at the lower end thereof in which an incandescent light globe 20 may be placed. 3

Mounted upon the-slide member 18 is a cup-shaped fitting 21 having a flared tubular guard 23 extending downwardly therefrom. -By means of supporting straps 25 which are riveted at 26 to the guard 23, a primary bowl member 27 is supported in inverted osition beneath the' light 20, said primary owl member 27 being rigidly secured to the straps 2.5 by suitable screws 32, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. I

- The bowl 27 is preferably open at its lower endso as to provide an opening 29 which is of somewhat greater diameter than the light globe 20. Suspended beneath the opening is a secondary bowl member 30 which is removably secured beneath the primary bowl member 27 so that the opening 29 may be uncovered to allow the hand to be inserted through the opening forthe purpose of placingsor removing a light globe 20 in the socket 19, which is downwardly directed and would be otherwise inaccessible without the use of a ladder or stand so as to operate from above the primary bowl 27.

The lower ends of the strap members 25 .arebent outwardly in the form of loops 32, over which the inwardly turned edge of the secondary-bowl is sprung or snapped in place. The primary bowl 27 is so shaped that light rays from the filament 35 of the light will be reflected as indicated by the lines 37 in such a manner as to be evenly distributed over the surface of the ceiling. Certain of the light rays from the filament 35 will be. deflected by the bowl'30 against the under surface 38 of the primary bowl 27 as indicated at 39. This under surface may be suitably gilded or decorated and when illuminated will have certain artistic effect, whereas it will be recognized that i! the under surface of the bowl were allowed to remain dark, attention would immediately be attracted thereto. The light rays which illuminate the under surface 38 of the primary bowl 27 are reflected thereby in lateral directions and are therefore finally employed for the useful purpose ofrroom illumination.

The fitting 21,- from which the guard 23 of the reflector bowls is suspended, is slidable upon the slide member 18 and is provided with a screw 40 which engages holes 41 in the member 18 and thus makes possible the raising of the primary reflectm bowl 27 relative to the light source formed by the filament 35. By raising the reflector 27, the effect of relatively lowering the light source 35 ,is produced and a change indistribution of the light rays over thesuri'ace of the ceiling is accomplished.

The straps 25 are of suflicient width to permit .a securing of these straps to the guard 23 and the primary reflector 27 by means of the screws 26 and 32. The straps also provide suflicient area of contact at the:

loops 32 to resiliently retain the secondary bowl member in place. As clearly shown in Fig. 2, portions 43 of the straps 25 are twisted so that they extend in radial planes with respect to the filament of the lamp These portions are twisted in this manner so that they will offer a minimum of interference to light rays emanating from the filament of the lamp 35. If the straps were not twisted, as shown, considerable of the rays would be stopped and the reflection of light by the inner reflective surface of the reflector 27 would be imperfect, as there would be dark streaked portions corresponding to the straps 25.'

ll claim as my invention:

In a lighting unit, the combination of: a suspension member having a series of transverse apertures; a fitting adapted to be adjustably secured to said suspension meniber, having a transverse aperture; a pin passing through said aperture in said sus pension member to secure said fitting to said suspension member; a lamp socket at the lower end of said suspension member; a lamp retained in said socket; a lamp guard secured to said fitting and extending around the upper portion of said lamp; a plurality of straps secured to said guard, the lower ends of said straps being turned outwardly and then inwardly to form loops; a primary reflecting bowlrigidly secured to said straps, said primary reflecting bowl having its lower end open; and a secondary reflecting bowl under said primary bowl of a larger diameter than the lower open end of the primary bowl for adapting it to illuminate the outer surface of said primary bowl, said secondarybowl having an inwardly turned rim adapted to be removably sprung onto said loops of said straps.

Intestimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles, California, this 13th day of July, 1923.

KERRIGAN MARK MANOOKYIN. 

